How a Sewing Machine Works / Kako Radi Šivaća Mašina / Princip Rada Šivaće Mašine

How does a sewing machine work ....... ??

Here comes this topic, for many the principle of the sewing machine is a big puzzle, it's nothing special, I will TRY to explain it, I emphasized this "try" because it is impossible to explain it to some, they just have no idea about sewing machines, they who work constantly or occasionally on sewing machines is much clearer, the explanation is related only to the needle-gripper-chunk assembly in the most basic model of sewing machine ... Note: there are no feet and lower transport teeth in the pictures, the pictures are maximally simplified for better understanding, I will mention the lower conveyor a little and the upper foot is not necessary, you just need to know that it is lowered to the material during the operation of the machine. This topic may have been "on the line" sooner but it's never too late :)

Kako radi šivaća mašina.......?? Evo dodje na red i ova tema,mnogima je princip rada šivaće mašine velika zagonetka, nije to ništa posebno, ja cu to POKUŠATI objasniti, ovo "pokušati" sam naglasio zato što je nekima to nemoguće objasniti, jednostavno nemaju predstavu o šivaćim mašinama, oni koji stalno ili povremeno rade na mašinama za šivanje dosta toga je jasnije, objašnjenje je vezano samo za sklop igla-grajfer-čunak kod najosnovnijeg modela šivaće mašine......Napomena: na slikama nema stopice i donjih transportnih zubi, slike su maximalno uproštene radi boljeg razumijevanja, donji transporter ću malo spomenuti a gornju stopicu nema potrebe, treba samo znati da je ona pri radu masine spuštena na materijal. Ova tema je možda trebala biti prije "na redu" ali nikad nije kasno :)
So let's start, let's just say that this is the principle of operation of the "rotating catcher", there is a so-called "oscillating" but this is somewhat easier to show and most modern sewing machines just have a rotating upper thread catcher and basically the work is almost the same, the difference is very small. Pa da krenemo, odmah da kažem da je u pitanju princip rada kod "rotirajućeg grajfera", postoji i tzv."oscilirajući" ali je ovaj donekle jednostavnije prikazati a vecina savremenih sivacih masina upravo imaju rotirajuci hvatač gornjeg konca a u suštini rad je gotovo isti, razlika je veoma mala.

Fig.1 shows the operation of the machine at some "initial" moment, the black arrow shows that the needle is moving DOWN, what else is important to note here :? when the needle reaches the very surface of the material, the transport teeth do not act on the material at that moment, it means that what is sewn at that moment is at rest (IN THIS EXAMPLE, in some models the opposite is true ...)

Sl.1 prikazuje rad mašine u nekom "početnom" momentu, crna strelica pokazuje da se igla krece prema DOLE, šta je ovdje još važno napomenuti:? kada igla dodje do same površine materijala transportni zubci u tom momentu ne djeluju na materijal, znaci ono što se šije u tom momentu miruje (U OVOM PRIMJERU, kod nekih modela je upravo suprotno...)

Fig.2 the needle is already in the material, the red arrow shows the direction of movement (rotation) of the thread catcher

Sl.2  igla je već u materijalu, crvena strelica pokazuje smijer kretanja (obrtanja) grajfera

Fig.3 the needle has completely passed through the material and its tip comes close to the grapple

Sl.3 igla je u potpunosti prošla kroz materijal i svojim vrhom dolazi u blizinu grajfera

Fig.4 now we come to a very important moment, the needle and the tip-hook of the grapple are very close, only the moment that the tip of the grapple will reach the needle at that moment the needle starts moving up, when the tip of the grapple and the needle are at the same point due to needle movement upwards the thread is released, the thread is loosened in just one moment and a "loop" of the thread is formed (red arrow) which is hooked by the grapple (tip, hook of the grapple), the black arrow shows the direction of the needle, the groove also helps. which exists on almost all needles,

Sl.4 sada dolazimo do veoma bitnog momenta, igla i vrh-kuka grajfera su veoma blizu, samo trenutak što će vrh grajfera doći do igle u tom momentu igla se počinje kretati gore, kada su vrh grajfera i igla u istoj tačci zbog kretanja igle prema gore dolazi do oslobađanja zategnutosti konca, konac na tom mjestu samo jedan tren bude opušten i nastane jedna "ušica" od konca (crvena strelica) koju zakaca grajfer (vrh, kuka grajfera), crna strelica pokazuje smijer kretanja igle, tu pripomaže i žlijeb koji postoji gotovo na svim iglama,

Fig.5 already shows that the catcher has hooked the thread and is starting to wrap it around "itself"

Sl.5 vec prikazuje da je grajfer zakacio konac i da ga počinje motati oko "sebe"

Fig.6 and Fig.7 the grapple pulls the thread further and the needle moves upwards (black arrow)

Sl.6 i Sl.7 grajfer vuče konac dalje a igla se kreće prema gore (crna strelica)

Fig.8 describes the following condition, the needle has almost completely stopped moving up BUT further pulling the upper thread up (red arrow), performs the so-called. "grasshopper" (not shown)

Sl.8 opisuje sledece stanje, igla je gotovo potpuno zaustavila kretanje prema gore ALI daljnje povlačenje gornjeg konca prema gore (crvena strelica), vrši tzv. "skakavac-trzavac" (nije prikazan na slici)

Fig.9 the thread is still tightened upwards (red arrow) and is no longer tied to the grapple (detached from the grapple hook) and the lower transport teeth are already starting to move the fabric

Sl.9 konac i dalje se zateže prema gore (crvena strelica) i više nije vezan za grajfer (odkačio se sa kuke grajfera) a donji transportni zubci vec počinju pomijerati materijal

Fig.10 the upper thread continues to go upwards, the lower transport teeth (feed dog) move the material for the next stitch and the needle is already slowly moving towards the material and so the process is repeated.

Sl.10 gornji konac i dalje ide prema gore, donji transportni zubi pomijeraju materijal za sledeći bod a igla već polako krece prema materijalu i tako se proces ponavlja.
The coordination of the needle-grapple-upper tensioner-lower transporter conveyor must be completely harmonized, if this is not the case the machine will not sew or the stitch will be bad or even useless. PS. The principle of work explained above applies only to the simplest sewing mechanism.
Koordinacija igla-grajfer-gornji zateznik-donji transporter mora biti potpuno uskladjena, ako to nije slučaj masina nece šiti ili će štep biti loš ili cak beskoristan. PS.gore objašnjeni princip rada važi samo za najprostiji šivaći mehanizam.